Section I : Histology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of Skin Pigmentation
Section II : Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
5: Melasma
6: Erythema dyschromicum perstans
7: Lichen planus pigmentosus
8: Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis
9: Mastocytosis
10: Pityriasis versicolor
11: Atrophoderma of Pasini Pierini
12: Poikiloderma of Civatte
13: Pigmented nonmelanocytic skin lesions
14: Drug-induced hyperpigmention
15: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
16: Linear hyperpigmentation
17: Flagellate hyperpigmentation
18: Reticular hyperpigmentation
19: Genodermatoses
Section III
20: Clinical examination
21: Wood’s lamp
22: Dermoscopy
23: Histopathology
24: Reflectance confocal microscopy
25: Spectrophotometry
26: Diagnostic algorithms
27: Differential diagnoses of circumscribed and diffuse hyperpigmentation
Section IV
28: Cosmetic camouflage for pigmentation issues
29: Sunscreens
30: Medical therapy
31: Chemical peels
32: Cryotherapy
33: Electrosurgery
34: Lasers
35: Intense pulsed light
Section I : Histology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of Skin Pigmentation
Section II : Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
5: Melasma
เป็น acquired hyperpigmentation skin disease
เกิด dyschromia อยู่ที่ sun exposed area – โดยเฉพาะที่ face , neck , forearm
มาจากภาษา Greek – melas -> black
ปัจจัยขึ้นกับ – solar radiation
– population ethnicity
– skin phototype
– พบ common ใน tropical region in -> Hispanic , Asiatic , Mediterranean African , Middle Eastern
Melasma ที่โดน More pigmented skin phenotype eg skin type IV – VI
– common ใน women
– ratio female:male 9:1
Southest Asia พบ melasma 40% adult women , 20% adult men
Pathogenesis
synthesis ของmelanin เป็น complex multistep , enzyme ที่สำคัญ คือ tyrosinase
p 23
6: Erythema dyschromicum perstans
7: Lichen planus pigmentosus
8: Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis
9: Mastocytosis
10: Pityriasis versicolor
11: Atrophoderma of Pasini Pierini
12: Poikiloderma of Civatte
13: Pigmented nonmelanocytic skin lesions
14: Drug-induced hyperpigmention
15: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
16: Linear hyperpigmentation
17: Flagellate hyperpigmentation
18: Reticular hyperpigmentation
19: Genodermatoses