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第一部分 (dì yī bùfèn) – Part One
无创性诊断 (wú chuàng xìng zhěnduàn – non + wound + character+ diagnosis) – Non-invasive diagnosis
第1章 (dì yī zhāng) – Chapter 1
病史 (bìng shǐ) – Medical history
体格检查 (tǐgé jiǎnchá) – Physical examination
心脏听诊 (xīnzàng tīngzhěn) – Cardiac auscultation
评价 (píngjià) – Evaluation
心脏病 (xīnzàngbìng) – Heart disease
患者 (huànzhě) – Patient
重要信息 (zhòngyào xìnxī) – Important information
诊断 (zhěnduàn) – Diagnosis
治疗 (zhìliáo) – Treatment
基石 (jīshí) – Foundation
症状 (zhèngzhuàng) – Symptom
胸部 (xiōngbù) – Chest
不适 (búshì) – Discomfort
呼吸困难 (hūxī kùnnán) – Difficulty breathing
心悸 (xīnjì) – Palpitations
水肿 (shuǐzhǒng) – Edema
咳嗽 (késòu) – Cough
咳血 (ké xuè) – Hemoptysis
疼痛 (téngtòng) – Pain
胸痛 (xiōng tòng) – Chest pain
病因 (bìngyīn) – Cause of illness
科医生 (kē yīshēng) – Specialist doctor
重要性 (zhòngyàoxìng) – Importance
临床 (línchuáng) – Clinical
医学 (yīxué) – Medicine
工作 (gōngzuò) – Work
心脏科 (xīnzàng kē) – Cardiology
胸腔 (xiōngqiāng) – Thoracic cavity
询问 (xúnwèn) – Inquiry
早期 (zǎoqī) – Early stage
临床医生 (línchuáng yīshēng) – Clinician
咨询 (zīxún) – Consultation
病情 (bìngqíng) – Condition
判断 (pànduàn) – Judgment
价值 (jiàzhí) – Value
资料 (zīliào) – Information
详尽 (xiángjìn) – Detailed
资料来源 (zīliào láiyuán) – Source of information
疾病 (jíbìng) – Disease
胸闷 (xiōngmèn) – Chest tightness
相关 (xiāngguān) – Related
可能性 (kěnéng xìng) – Possibility
诊断方法 (zhěnduàn fāngfǎ) – Diagnostic method
体征 (tǐzhēng) – Physical sign
鉴别 (jiànbié) – Differentiation
综合 (zònghé) – Comprehensive
临床表现 (línchuáng biǎoxiàn) – Clinical manifestation
预后 (yùhòu) – Prognosis
治疗方案 (zhìliáo fāng’àn) – Treatment plan
专家 (zhuānjiā) – Expert
检查 (jiǎnchá) – Examination
定期 (dìngqī) – Regular
监测 (jiāncè) – Monitoring
处理 (chǔlǐ) – Management
恶化 (èhuà) – Deterioration
预防 (yùfáng) – Prevention
康复 (kāngfù) – Rehabilitation
风险 (fēngxiǎn) – Risk
医院 (yīyuàn) – Hospital
门诊 (ménzhěn) – Outpatient
随访 (suífǎng) – Follow-up
住院 (zhùyuàn) – Hospitalization
病程 (bìngchéng) – Course of disease
康复治疗 (kāngfù zhìliáo) – Rehabilitation therapy
急性 (jíxìng) – Acute
慢性 (mànxìng) – Chronic
疾病史 (jíbìng shǐ) – Medical history
发病 (fābìng) – Onset
诊疗 (zhěnliáo) – Diagnosis and treatment
心脏功能 (xīnzàng gōngnéng) – Cardiac function
生命体征 (shēngmìng tǐzhēng) – Vital signs
血压 (xuèyā) – Blood pressure
脉搏 (màibó) – Pulse
血氧饱和度 (xuèyǎng bǎohé dù) – Blood oxygen saturation
病情观察 (bìngqíng guānchá) – Condition observation
医疗设备 (yīliáo shèbèi) – Medical equipment
病人 (bìngrén) – Patient
体检 (tǐjiǎn) – Health examination
常见 (chángjiàn) – Common
咽喉 (yānhóu) – Throat
声音嘶哑 (shēngyīn sīyǎ) – Hoarseness
咳痰 (kétán – cough + phlegm or sputum ) – Sputum production
食欲减退 (shíyù jiǎntuì) – Loss of appetite
疲倦 (píjuàn) – Fatigue
出血 (chūxuè) – Bleeding
贫血 (pínxiě) – Anemia
体重下降 (tǐzhòng xiàjiàng) – Weight loss
消瘦 (xiāoshòu) – Emaciation
浮肿 (fúzhǒng) – Swelling
头痛 (tóutòng) – Headache
头晕 (tóuyūn) – Dizziness
恶心呕吐 (ěxīn ǒutù) – Nausea and vomiting
抽搐 (chōuchù) – Convulsions
神经系统 (shénjīng xìtǒng) – Nervous system
精神状态 (jīngshén zhuàngtài) – Mental state
认知功能 (rènzhī gōngnéng) – Cognitive function
情绪 (qíngxù) – Emotion
睡眠障碍 (shuìmián zhàng’ài) – Sleep disorder
记忆力 (jìyì lì) – Memory
语言障碍 (yǔyán zhàng’ài) – Speech disorder
听力损失 (tīnglì sǔnshī) – Hearing loss
视力减退 (shìlì jiǎntuì) – Visual impairment
肌肉力量 (jīròu lìliàng) – Muscle strength
四肢 (sìzhī) – Limbs
感觉异常 (gǎnjué yìcháng) – Sensory abnormalities
皮肤检查 (pífū jiǎnchá) – Skin examination
皮疹 (pízhěn) – Rash
皮肤苍白 (pífū cāngbái) – Pallor
黄疸 (huángdǎn) – Jaundice
紫绀 (zǐgàn) – Cyanosis
皮肤湿冷 (pífū shī lěng) – Cold, clammy skin
淋巴结 (línbājié) – Lymph nodes
扁桃体 (biǎntáotǐ) – Tonsils
腹部检查 (fùbù jiǎnchá) – Abdominal examination
腹部肿块 (fùbù zhǒngkuài) – Abdominal mass
肝脏 (gānzàng) – Liver
脾脏 (pízàng) – Spleen
肠鸣音 (chángmíng yīn) – Bowel sounds
排便习惯 (páibiàn xíguàn) – Bowel habits
便秘 (biànmì) – Constipation
腹泻 (fùxiè) – Diarrhea
小便 (xiǎobiàn) – Urination
尿量 (niàoliàng) – Urine output
尿色 (niàosè) – Urine color
尿频 (niàopín) – Frequent urination
夜尿 (yènào) – Nocturia
尿急 (niàojí) – Urgency
尿痛 (niàotòng) – Dysuria
性功能 (xìnggōngnéng) – Sexual function
月经 (yuèjīng) – Menstruation
妊娠 (rènshēn) – Pregnancy
分娩 (fēnmiǎn) – Childbirth
生殖器官 (shēngzhí qìguān) – Reproductive organs
骨骼系统 (gǔgé xìtǒng) – Skeletal system
关节 (guānjié) – Joints
骨折 (gǔzhé) – Fracture
骨质疏松 (gǔzhì shūsōng) – Osteoporosis
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胸部不适 (xiōngbù bú shì – chest +area + no + comfortable) – Chest discomfort
详尽评估 (xiángjìn pínggū) – Detailed evaluation
胸痛中心 (xiōngtòng zhōngxīn) – Chest pain center
病因 (bìngyīn) – Cause of illness
高效 (gāoxiào) – Efficient
快捷 (kuàijié) – Quick
准确 (zhǔnquè) – Accurate
心绞痛 (xīnjiǎotòng) – Angina pectoris
心脏供氧不足 (xīnzàng gòngyǎng bùzú) – Inadequate oxygen supply to the heart
发作形式 (fāzuò xíngshì) – Attack form
疼痛性质 (téngtòng xìngzhì) – Nature of pain
持续时间 (chíxù shíjiān) – Duration
部位 (bùwèi) – Location
放射 (fàngshè) – Radiation (of pain)
灼热感 (zhuórè gǎn) – Burning sensation
沉闷感 (chénmèn gǎn) – Heaviness
心绞痛的分类 (xīnjiǎotòng de fēnlèi) – Classification of angina
稳定型心绞痛 (wěndìng xíng xīnjiǎotòng) – Stable angina
不稳定型心绞痛 (bù wěndìng xíng xīnjiǎotòng) – Unstable angina
劳力型心绞痛 (láolì xíng xīnjiǎotòng) – Effort angina
体力活动 (tǐlì huódòng) – Physical activity
常见诱发因素 (chángjiàn yòufā yīnsù) – Common triggering factors
缺氧 (quēyǎng) – Hypoxia
安静状态 (ānjìng zhuàngtài) – Resting state
休息 (xiūxi) – Rest
舌下含服 (shéxià hán fú) – Sublingual administration
血流动力学 (xuèliú dònglì xué) – Hemodynamics
心脏功能 (xīnzàng gōngnéng) – Cardiac function
功能分级 (gōngnéng fēnjí) – Functional classification
临床医生 (línchuáng yīshēng) – Clinician
预后 (yùhòu) – Prognosis
疾病管理 (jíbìng guǎnlǐ) – Disease management
心血管疾病 (xīn xiěguǎn jíbìng) – Cardiovascular disease
室性心律失常 (shì xìng xīnlǜ shīcháng) – Ventricular arrhythmia
房性心律失常 (fáng xìng xīnlǜ shīcháng) – Atrial arrhythmia
缓解 (huǎnjiě) – Relief
临床表现 (línchuáng biǎoxiàn) – Clinical manifestations
停止 (tíngzhǐ) – Cease
疼痛发作 (téngtòng fāzuò) – Pain attack
硝酸甘油 (xiāosuāngānyóu) – Nitroglycerin
胸骨后 (xiōnggǔ hòu) – Retrosternal
抑制 (yìzhì) – Inhibition
心电图 (xīndiàntú) – Electrocardiogram (ECG)
心肌缺血 (xīnjī quē xuè) – Myocardial ischemia
部分患者 (bùfèn huànzhě) – Some patients
阶段 (jiēduàn) – Stage
症状 (zhèngzhuàng) – Symptoms
病理生理 (bìnglǐ shēnglǐ) – Pathophysiology
监测 (jiāncè) – Monitoring
临床实践 (línchuáng shíjiàn) – Clinical practice
病例分析 (bìnglì fēnxī) – Case analysis
临床研究 (línchuáng yánjiū) – Clinical research
指导 (zhǐdǎo) – Guide
生活方式 (shēnghuó fāngshì) – Lifestyle
药物治疗 (yàowù zhìliáo) – Medication therapy
介入治疗 (jièrù zhìliáo) – Interventional therapy
支架植入 (zhījià zhírù) – Stent implantation
搭桥手术 (dāqiáo shǒushù) – Bypass surgery
康复计划 (kāngfù jìhuà) – Rehabilitation plan
心力衰竭 (xīnlì shuāijié) – Heart failure
卧床休息 (wòchuáng xiūxi) – Bed rest
放松 (fàngsōng) – Relaxation
急性冠脉综合征 (jíxìng guānmài zònghé zhēng) – Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
无创检查 (wú chuàng jiǎnchá) – Non-invasive examination
CT扫描 (CT sǎomiáo) – CT scan
磁共振成像 (cí gòngzhèn chéngxiàng) – MRI
放射性同位素 (fàngshèxìng tóngwèisù) – Radioisotope
运动试验 (yùndòng shìyàn) – Exercise test
药物试验 (yàowù shìyàn) – Pharmacological test
功能评估 (gōngnéng pínggū) – Functional assessment
阻塞 (zǔsè) – Obstruction
动脉粥样硬化 (dòngmài zhōuyàng yìnghuà) – Atherosclerosis
血栓 (xuèshuān) – Thrombus
动脉狭窄 (dòngmài xiázhǎi) – Arterial stenosis
冠状动脉 (guānzhuàng dòngmài) – Coronary artery
非典型症状 (fēi diǎnxíng zhèngzhuàng) – Atypical symptoms
老年患者 (lǎonián huànzhě) – Elderly patients
临床试验 (línchuáng shìyàn) – Clinical trial
观察 (guānchá) – Observation
疗效 (liáoxiào) – Efficacy
grammar
任何…都 (rènhé… dōu) – “Any… all”
任何胸部不适都应该进行详尽地评估 – Rènhé xiōngbù bùshì dōu yīnggāi jìnxíng xiángjiǎn de pínggū = Any chest discomfort should be thoroughly evaluated).
应该 (yīnggāi) – “Should” (e.g., 应该进行详尽地评估 – Should be thoroughly evaluated).
以…来 (yǐ… lái) – “In order to… (e.g., 以明确其来源 – In order to clarify its origin).
目前 (mùqián) – “Currently” (e.g., 目前多家医院设立了胸痛中心 – Currently, many hospitals have established chest pain centers).
的 (de) – Possessive or attributive marker – 目的 – Purpose
在…中 (zài… zhōng) – “In the process of…” – 在治疗中 – In the process of treatment
能够 (nénggòu) – “Can, be able to” (e.g., 能够减轻患者的病痛 – Can relieve the patient’s pain).
以…为 (yǐ… wéi) – “Take… as” (e.g., 以高效、快捷、准确为目的 – Take efficiency, speed, and accuracy as the goal)
.…的原因 (de yuányīn) – “The reason for…” (e.g., 胸痛的原因 – The reason for chest pain).
既…也… (jì… yě…) – “Not only… but also…” (e.g., 既可发生在胸部 – Can occur not only in the chest).
是…的 (shì… de) – Emphasizes the action or state (e.g., 是由心脏的供氧不足引起的 – Is caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart).
或者…或者… (huòzhě… huòzhě…) – “Either… or…” (e.g., 症状可以表现为胸痛或者其他不适 – Symptoms can manifest as chest pain or other discomfort).
并非 (bìngfēi) – “Not at all, far from” (e.g., 并非所有的患者都表现出相同的症状 – Not all patients exhibit the same symptoms).
即使…也… (jíshǐ… yě…) – “Even if… still…” (e.g., 即使患者处于休息状态 – Even if the patient is at rest).
随着 (suízhe) – “As, along with” (e.g., 随着疾病的发展 – As the disease progresses).通过 (tōngguò) – “Through, by means of” (e.g., 通过体力活动加重 – Worsened through physical activity).由于…因此… (yóuyú… yīncǐ…) – “Due to… therefore…” (e.g., 由于心脏的供氧不足，因此发生了疼痛 – Due to insufficient oxygen supply to the heart, pain occurred).对…来说 (duì… lái shuō) – “For someone or something…” (e.g., 对医生来说 – For the doctor).不是…而是… (búshì… érshì…) – “Not… but rather…” (e.g., 不是由心脏病直接引起的，而是由于其他原因 – Not directly caused by heart disease, but rather due to other reasons).除了…以外 (chúle… yǐwài) – “Except for, in addition to” (e.g., 除了胸痛以外，还可能出现其他症状 – In addition to chest pain, other symptoms may also occur).假如… (jiǎrú…) – “If, in case” (e.g., 假如疼痛持续超过20分钟 – If the pain lasts for more than 20 minutes).以及 (yǐjí) – “And, as well as” (e.g., 评估的目的是为了确定疼痛的性质以及病因 – The purpose of the evaluation is to determine the nature of the pain as well as the cause).在…情况下 (zài… qíngkuàng xià) – “Under the circumstances of…” (e.g., 在运动的情况下 – Under the circumstances of exercise).更 (gèng) – “Even more, further” (e.g., 需要更详细的检查 – Requires even more detailed examination).并且 (bìngqiě) – “And also, moreover” (e.g., 并且应该通过详细的体格检查 – And also should undergo a detailed physical examination).正是 (zhèngshì) – “Precisely, exactly” (e.g., 正是由于这些原因 – It is precisely because of these reasons).往往 (wǎngwǎng) – “Often, frequently” (e.g., 胸痛往往与心绞痛有关 – Chest pain is often related to angina).然而 (rán’ér) – “However, but” (e.g., 然而，并非所有的胸痛都与心脏疾病有关 – However, not all chest pain is related to heart disease).若… (ruò…) – “If” (e.g., 若不及时治疗 – If not treated in time).例如 (lìrú) – “For example” (e.g., 例如心肌缺血、心绞痛等 – For example, myocardial ischemia, angina, etc.).
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