english
Criminal Law: General Principles, Offenses, and Punishments
Grounds for Wrongfulness, Grounds for Punishment, Grounds for Exemption from Punishment
เหตุยกเว้นความผิด เหตุยกเว้นโทษ เหตุลดโทษ
Topics:
4.1 Grounds for Wrongfulness
4.2 Grounds for Punishment
4.3 Grounds for Exemption from Punishment
Concepts
Grounds for Wrongfulness: A person is not guilty when there are grounds for wrongfulness, which can be categorized as:
Legal obligations or permission by law
Consent
Self-defense under the law
Grounds for Punishment: A person is not subject to punishment when there are grounds for punishment, which can be categorized as:
The act was due to insanity
The person was unable to understand or control due to young age
The act was done due to necessity under the law and during unavoidable situations
Grounds for Exemption from Punishment: A person is not subject to punishment when there are grounds for exemption, which can be categorized as:
General exemption from punishment
Exemption due to coercion
Exemption due to punishment mitigation
Objectives
Upon completing Unit 4, students will be able to:
Explain the concepts and analyze issues related to grounds for wrongfulness.
Explain the concepts and analyze issues related to grounds for punishment.
Explain the concepts and analyze issues related to grounds for exemption from punishment.
Class Activities
Self-assessment before starting Unit 4.
Lectures and discussions on topics 4.1–4.3.
Listen to recorded audio or videos of case examples (if available).
chinese
4-2
刑法：总则、犯罪与刑罚
单元教学计划
科目：
刑法：总则、犯罪与刑罚
第4单元：
违法阻却事由、处罚阻却事由、免除处罚事由
违法阻却事由 (Wéifǎ zǔquè shìyóu) = Grounds for Negating Illegality/Justification
处罚阻却事由 (Chǔfá zǔquè shìyóu) = Grounds for Negating Punishment/Excuse
免除处罚事由 (Miǎnchú chǔfá shìyóu) = Grounds for Exemption from Punishment
违法 (Wéifǎ) = Illegal/Unlawful
处罚 (Chǔfá) = Punishment
阻却 (Zǔquè) = To negate/prevent
免除 (Miǎnchú) = To exempt/exempt from
事由 (Shìyóu) = Grounds/Reasons
章节：
4.1 违法阻却事由
4.2 处罚阻却事由
4.3 免除处罚事由
概念
违法阻却事由： 当存在违法阻却事由时，个人不构成犯罪。可分为：
违法阻却事由 (Wéifǎ zǔquè shìyóu) = Grounds for Negating Illegality:
当 (Dāng) = When
存在 (Cúnzài) = Exists
时 (Shí) = When/Time
个人 (Gèrén) = Individual/Person
不 (Bù) = Not
构成 (Gòuchéng) = Constitute
犯罪 (Fànzuì) = Crime
可分为 (Kě fēn wéi) = Can be divided into/Categories include:
法律规定的义务或法律许可
法律 (Fǎlǜ) = Law
规定 (Guīdìng) = Stipulated/Prescribed
义务 (Yìwù) = Duty/Obligation
或 (Huò) = Or
法律 (Fǎlǜ) = Law
许可 (Xǔkě) = Permission/Authorization
被害人同意
被害人 (Bèihàirén) = Victim
同意 (Tóngyì) = Consent/Agreement
正当防卫
正当 (zhèng dāng) – justifiable / proper / legitimate
防卫 (fáng wèi) – defense / self-defense
处罚阻却事由： 当存在处罚阻却事由时，个人不应受处罚。可分为：
行为人精神失常
行为人因年幼无法辨识或控制行为
行为人在紧急情况下依法律规定而不得已实施的行为
免除处罚事由： 当存在免除处罚事由时，个人不应受处罚。可分为：
一般免除处罚
因被胁迫免除处罚
减轻处罚的事由
教学目标
完成第4单元后，学生能够：
解释并分析与违法阻却事由相关的概念和问题。
解释并分析与处罚阻却事由相关的概念和问题。
解释并分析与免除处罚事由相关的概念和问题。
课堂活动
在第4单元开始前进行自我评估。
讲授和讨论4.1-4.3章节内容。
听取案例音频或观看案例视频（如有）。
khmer
៤-២
ច្បាប់ព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ៖ គោលការណ៍ទូទៅ អំពើការខុស និងទណ្ឌកម្ម
ច្បាប់ព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ (Chbab Prohmteand) = Criminal Law
គោលការណ៍ទូទៅ (Kolkar Toutow) = General Principles
អំពើការខុស (Ampeu Kar Khoh) = Wrongdoing/Offense
និង (Ning) = And
ទណ្ឌកម្ម (Teandakam) = Punishment
គម្រោងការសរសេររបស់មេរៀន
គម្រោង (Komrong) = Plan/Project
ការ (Kar) = The act of
សរសេរ (Sor Ser) = Writing
របស់ (Robos) = Of
មេរៀន (Merean) = Lesson
មុខវិជ្ជា៖
ច្បាប់ព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ៖ គោលការណ៍ទូទៅ អំពើការខុស និងទណ្ឌកម្ម
ច្បាប់ព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ (Chbab Prohmteand) = Criminal Law
គោលការណ៍ (Kol-ka) = Principles
គោលការណ៍ (kol kaʔ) – principle / doctrine / rule
ទូទៅ (tuː tov) – general / universal / overall
ទូទៅ (Tou-tow) = General
អំពើ (Am-peur) = Act/Action
ការខុស (Kar-khos) = Wrong/Mistake/Offense
និង (Ning) = And
ទណ្ឌកម្ម (Teanda-kam) = Punishment
មេរៀនទី ៤៖
មេរៀន (me riən) – lesson
ទី (ti) – ordinal marker (used for numbering)
៤ (buən) – four (4)
មូលហេតុបដិសេធភាពខុស, មូលហេតុទទួលទោស, មូលហេតុអភ័យទោស
មូលហេតុ (muol het) – cause / reason / basis
បដិសេធ (bɑdiseht) – to deny / reject
ភាពខុស (pheap khos) – wrongdoing / fault / guilt
ទទួល (tɔtʰuəl) – to accept / to receive
ទោស (toh) – guilt / punishment
អភ័យ (ʔɑpʰɨj) – pardon / immunity
ទោស (toh) – punishment / guilt
ប្រធានបទ៖ (prɑthiən bɑt) – topic / subject / title / theme
៤.១ មូលហេតុបដិសេធភាពខុស
៤.២ មូលហេតុទទួលទោស
៤.៣ មូលហេតុអភ័យទោស
មូលដ្ឋានគំនិត
១. មូលហេតុបដិសេធភាពខុស៖ មនុស្សមិនចាប់ខុសទោសពេលមានមូលហេតុបដិសេធភាពខុស ដែលអាចចែកចេញជា៖
១) កាតព្វកិច្ចតាមច្បាប់ ឬបានអនុញ្ញាតតាមច្បាប់
២) ការយល់ព្រម
៣) ការពារខ្លួនតាមច្បាប់
២. មូលហេតុទទួលទោស៖ មនុស្សមិនត្រូវទទួលទោសពេលមានមូលហេតុទទួលទោស ដែលអាចចែកចេញជា៖
១) អំពើដែលធ្វើដោយមនុស្សវិកលចរិត
២) មនុស្សដែលមិនអាចយល់ដឹងអំពីអ្វីដែលធ្វើដោយសារតែវ័យក្មេង
៣) អំពើដែលធ្វើដោយសារតែត្រូវការប្រកបដោយច្បាប់ និងស្ថានការណ៍បង្ខំ
៣. មូលហេតុអភ័យទោស៖ មនុស្សមិនត្រូវទទួលទោសពេលមានមូលហេតុអភ័យទោស ដែលអាចចែកចេញជា៖
១) អភ័យទោសទូទៅ
២) អភ័យទោសដោយសារតែការបង្ខំ
៣) ការអភ័យទោសដោយសារតែការបន្ថយទោស
គោលបំណង
បន្ទាប់ពីរៀនចប់មេរៀនទី ៤ នេះ និស្សិតនឹងអាច៖
១. ពន្យល់ និងវិភាគបញ្ហាដែលទាក់ទងនឹងមូលហេតុបដិសេធភាពខុស។
២. ពន្យល់ និងវិភាគបញ្ហាដែលទាក់ទងនឹងមូលហេតុទទួលទោស។
៣. ពន្យល់ និងវិភាគបញ្ហាដែលទាក់ទងនឹងមូលហេតុអភ័យទោស។
សកម្មភាពក្នុងថ្នាក់
១. វាយតម្លៃខ្លួនឯងមុនចាប់ផ្ដើមមេរៀនទី ៤
២. ស្តាប់ការបង្រៀន និងពិភាក្សាអំពីប្រធានបទ ៤.១–៤.៣
៣. ស្តាប់ឯកសារសំឡេង ឬវីដេអូបង្ហាញករណីជាក់ស្តែង (បើមាន)
burmese
၄-၂
ရာဇဓမ္မစာရင်းအရ: အထွေထွေသဘောတရားများ၊ ပြစ်မှုနှင့် ပြစ်ဒဏ်များ
ယူနစ်၏ သင်ကြားမှုပြင်ပုံ
ဘာသာရပ်:
ရာဇဓမ္မစာရင်းအရ: အထွေထွေသဘောတရားများ၊ ပြစ်မှုနှင့် ပြစ်ဒဏ်များ
ယူနစ် ၄:
အမှားမှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေများ၊ ပြစ်ဒဏ်မှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေများ၊ ပြစ်ဒဏ်လျှော့ချရသည့်အခြေအနေများ
ခေါင်းစဉ်များ:
၄.၁ အမှားမှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေ
၄.၂ ပြစ်ဒဏ်မှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေ
၄.၃ ပြစ်ဒဏ်လျှော့ချရသည့်အခြေအနေ
အယူအဆများ
၁. အမှားမှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေ:
တစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်အတွက် အမှားမဖြစ်စေရန် လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေများတွင်၊ အောက်ပါအချက်များကို ခွဲခြားစဉ်းစားသည်-
၁) ဥပဒေမှ အရေးယူချက်များ သို့မဟုတ် ခွင့်ပြုချက်ရှိခြင်း
၂) လက်ခံ၍သဘောတူခြင်း
၃) ဥပဒေအရ ကိုယ်ကို ကာကွယ်ခြင်း
၂. ပြစ်ဒဏ်မှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေ:
တစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်အတွက် ပြစ်ဒဏ်မကျေစေရန် လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့်အခြေအနေများတွင်၊ အောက်ပါအချက်များကို ခွဲခြားစဉ်းစားသည်-
၁) စိတ်နာမကျန်းဖြစ်နေခြင်း
၂) အသက်ငယ်ရြယ်သောကြောင့် လွတ်မြောက်မရှိနိုင်ခြင်း
၃) လိုအပ်သောအခြေအနေတွင် ဥပဒေတရားစွဲဆောင်ပြီး မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရခြင်း
၃. ပြစ်ဒဏ်လျှော့ချရသည့်အခြေအနေ:
တစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်အတွက် ပြစ်ဒဏ်မကျေစေရန် လျှော့ချရသည့်အခြေအနေများတွင်၊ အောက်ပါအချက်များကို ခွဲခြားစဉ်းစားသည်-
၁) အထွေထွေပြစ်ဒဏ်လျှော့ချခြင်း
၂) နှိပ်စက်မှုကြောင့် လွတ်မြောက်ခြင်း
၃) ပြစ်ဒဏ်လျှော့ချရသည့်အခြေအနေများ
ရည်မှန်းချက်များ
ယူနစ် ၄ ကို ပြီးမြောက်ပြီးပါက ကျောင်းသားများသည်-
၁. အမှားမှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့် အယူအဆနှင့် ပြဿနာများကို ရှင်းပြပြီး ခွဲခြားဆန်းစစ်နိုင်သည်။
၂. ပြစ်ဒဏ်မှ လွတ်မြောက်ရသည့် အယူအဆနှင့် ပြဿနာများကို ရှင်းပြပြီး ခွဲခြားဆန်းစစ်နိုင်သည်။
၃. ပြစ်ဒဏ်လျှော့ချရသည့် အယူအဆနှင့် ပြဿနာများကို ရှင်းပြပြီး ခွဲခြားဆန်းစစ်နိုင်သည်။
သင်တန်းဆောင်ရွက်ချက်များ
၁. ယူနစ် ၄ မစတင်မီ ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကို အကဲဖြတ်ပါ။
၂. ခေါင်းစဉ် ၄.၁ မှ ၄.၃ အကြောင်း စာသင်ကြားပြီး ဆွေးနွေးပါ။
၃. နမူနာဖြစ်ရပ်များ၏ အသံဖိုင် သို့မဟုတ် ဗီဒီယိုကြည့်ရှုပါ (ရှိပါက)။
vietnamese
Here is the Vietnamese translation of the image:
4-2
Luật hình sự: Nguyên tắc chung, Tội phạm và Hình phạt
Kế hoạch giảng dạy của đơn vị
Môn học:
Luật hình sự: Nguyên tắc chung, Tội phạm và Hình phạt
Bài 4:
Căn cứ loại trừ tính trái pháp luật, Căn cứ loại trừ trách nhiệm hình sự, Căn cứ miễn hình phạt
Chủ đề:
4.1 Căn cứ loại trừ tính trái pháp luật
4.2 Căn cứ loại trừ trách nhiệm hình sự
4.3 Căn cứ miễn hình phạt
Khái niệm
Căn cứ loại trừ tính trái pháp luật:
Một người không phải chịu trách nhiệm về hành vi phạm tội khi có căn cứ loại trừ tính trái pháp luật. Bao gồm:
Nghĩa vụ pháp lý hoặc được pháp luật cho phép
Sự đồng ý của nạn nhân
Phòng vệ chính đáng theo quy định của pháp luật
Căn cứ loại trừ trách nhiệm hình sự:
Một người không bị xử phạt khi có căn cứ loại trừ trách nhiệm hình sự. Bao gồm:
Hành vi do người bị tâm thần thực hiện
Người không đủ năng lực hành vi do tuổi nhỏ
Hành vi được thực hiện trong tình thế cấp thiết theo quy định của pháp luật
Căn cứ miễn hình phạt:
Một người không bị áp dụng hình phạt khi có căn cứ miễn hình phạt. Bao gồm:
Miễn hình phạt chung
Miễn hình phạt do bị ép buộc
Căn cứ giảm nhẹ hình phạt
Mục tiêu
Sau khi học xong bài 4, sinh viên có thể:
Giải thích và phân tích khái niệm, vấn đề liên quan đến căn cứ loại trừ tính trái pháp luật.
Giải thích và phân tích khái niệm, vấn đề liên quan đến căn cứ loại trừ trách nhiệm hình sự.
Giải thích và phân tích khái niệm, vấn đề liên quan đến căn cứ miễn hình phạt.
Hoạt động trên lớp
Tự đánh giá trước khi bắt đầu bài 4.
Nghe giảng và thảo luận về các chủ đề 4.1–4.3.
Nghe các đoạn ghi âm hoặc xem video về ví dụ thực tế (nếu có).
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