百病 (bǎibìng) = hundred diseases, various diseases, all kinds of illnesses
中医 (zhōngyī) = Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
自我 (zìwǒ) = self, oneself
疗养 (liáoyǎng) = therapy, treatment and recuperation
丛书 (cóngshū) = book series, collection of books
便秘 (biànmì) = constipation
二、病因病理
p 3 , 二、病因病理
病因 (bìngyīn) = etiology, cause of disease, pathogenic factors
病理 (bìnglǐ) = pathology, pathological processes
便秘产生的原因很多。《黄帝内经》说：
便秘 (biànmì) = constipation
产生 (chǎnshēng) = to produce, to generate, to arise
的 (de) = possessive particle
原因 (yuányīn) = reason, cause, factor
很多 (hěnduō) = many, a lot, numerous
黄帝内经 (Huángdì Nèijīng) = The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon/Classic of Internal Medicine
说 (shuō) = says, states, mentions
“肾开窍于二阴”（“二阴”指前阴与后阴，后阴即肛门），
肾 (shèn) = kidney
开窍 (kāiqiào) = opens to, has its opening at (TCM term for organ-sensory opening relationships)
于 (yú) = at, in, to
二阴 (èryīn) = two yin (orifices), the two lower orifices
指 (zhǐ) = refers to, indicates, means
前阴 (qiányīn) = front yin (anterior private parts – urogenital area)
与 (yǔ) = and, with
后阴 (hòuyīn) = back yin (posterior private parts)
即 (jí) = namely, that is, specifically
肛门 (gāngmén) = anus
指出了肾与大便秘结的关系。
指出 (zhǐchū) = points out, indicates, shows
了 (le) = particle indicating completed action
肾 (shèn) = kidney
与 (yǔ) = and, with, between
大便 (dàbiàn) = bowel movement, feces, defecation
秘结 (mìjié) = constipation, bound up (TCM term for constipation)
的 (de) = possessive particle
关系 (guānxì) = relationship, connection
《兰室秘藏》书里记载着：
兰室秘藏 (Lánshì Mìcáng) = “Secret Repository of the Orchid Chamber” (a medical text)
书 (shū) = book
里 (lǐ) = inside, within
记载 (jìzǎi) = records, documents, contains
着 (zhe) = particle indicating ongoing state
“肾主五液，津液润则大便如常，
肾 (shèn) = kidney
主 (zhǔ) = governs, controls, is in charge of
五液 (wǔyè) = five fluids/liquids (referring to bodily fluids in TCM)
津液 (jīnyè) = body fluids, vital essence fluids
润 (rùn) = moist,润泽 (润), lubricated
则 (zé) = then, in that case
大便 (dàbiàn) = bowel movement, defecation
如常 (rúcháng) = normal, as usual, regular
津液亏少，故大便结燥。”隋代巢元方认为，
津液 (jīnyè) = body fluids, vital essence fluids
亏少 (kuīshǎo) = deficient, insufficient, lacking
故 (gù) = therefore, thus, hence
大便 (dàbiàn) = bowel movement, defecation
结燥 (jiézào) = dry and hard, constipated (TCM term)
隋代 (Suídài) = Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE)
巢元方 (Cháo Yuánfāng) = Chao Yuanfang (famous physician)
认为 (rènwéi) = believes, thinks, considers
便秘出五脏不调，阴阳偏虚，三焦不和，
便秘 (biànmì) = constipation
出 (chū) = comes from, arises from, results from
五脏 (wǔzàng) = five organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney in TCM)
不调 (bùtiáo) = imbalanced, not harmonized, dysfunction
阴阳 (yīnyáng) = yin and yang (fundamental TCM concept of opposing forces)
偏虚 (piānxū) = partial deficiency, imbalanced weakness
三焦 (sānjiāo) = triple heater/warmer (TCM organ system concept)
不和 (bùhé) = disharmony, not in harmony, discord
冷热难滞肠胃而结聚不通所致。明代虞摶著的《医学正传》对产生便秘的原因，作了如下的叙述：皆由劳过度，饮食失节，或恣饮酒浆，过食辛热。饮食之火起于肠胃，淫欲之火起于命门，以致火盛水亏，津液不生，故传导失常。此外，有些医家还提出，气滞、气血虚亏也是产生便秘的常见原因。
综上所述，便秘产生的原因，包括了气血虚亏、津液耗损、饮食不节、纵欲过度以及外感“六淫”等因素，归纳起来，主要有以下几个方面。
（一）热结大肠
大肠主传糟粕的传导，一旦肠胃积热，热邪灼伤津液，则大便燥结。导致大肠热结的原因，主要有以下三种：①平素阳明（胃、大肠）热盛，又因过食辛热食物或饮酒过度，致火盛水亏，津液不生；②热性病热盛伤津，或热性病后期，余热的燔灼津液，使肠腑燥结；③感受外感的时邪，由发汗、利小便太过，或“六淫”邪气侵犯阳明化热，致大肠燥亏，粪便燥结。
（二）阴寒凝聚