เป็น indirect speech, without quoting
Changes in Tense
การ change จาก direct reported speech – tense จะถูก shift ถอยหลังไป 1 step
1. present simple -> past simple
direct – “I’am happy” , she said.
reported – She said she was happy .
2. Change in pronoun
1. Changes in Tense
-
- Present Continuous to Past Continuous
- Direct: “I am working,” he said.
- Reported: He said he was working.
- Present Perfect to Past Perfect
- Direct: “I have finished,” she said.
- Reported: She said she had finished.
- Past Simple to Past Perfect
- Direct: “I went to the store,” he said.
- Reported: He said he had gone to the store.
2. Changes in Pronouns
Pronouns often need to be changed to match the perspective of the speaker.
- Direct: “I will call you,” he said to her.
- Reported: He said he would call her.
3. Changes in Time and Place Expressions
Words that indicate time and place often change to reflect the perspective of the reporter.
- Today becomes that day
- Direct: “I am meeting her today,” he said.
- Reported: He said he was meeting her that day.
- Tomorrow becomes the next day or the following day
- Direct: “I will go tomorrow,” she said.
- Reported: She said she would go the next day.
- Yesterday becomes the day before
- Direct: “I saw him yesterday,” he said.
- Reported: He said he had seen him the day before.
4. Questions
When reporting questions, the word order changes from that of a question to that of a statement.
- Yes/No Questions
- Direct: “Are you coming?” she asked.
- Reported: She asked if I was coming.
- Wh- Questions
- Direct: “Where are you going?” he asked.
- Reported: He asked where I was going.
5. Requests and Commands
For requests and commands, use the structure “asked/told + person + to + base form of the verb.”
- Commands
- Direct: “Close the door,” she said.
- Reported: She told me to close the door.
- Requests
- Direct: “Please help me,” he said.
- Reported: He asked me to help him.
Examples
- Direct: “I can’t come to the party,” she said.
- Reported: She said she couldn’t come to the party.
- Direct: “We have finished our homework,” they said.
- Reported: They said they had finished their homework.
- Direct: “Will you be at the meeting?” he asked.
- Reported: He asked if I would be at the meeting.
By following these rules, you can accurately convert direct speech into reported speech in English.
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