auxiliary verb – 보조덩사 bojodeongsa , add กับ main verb
ใช้บอก possibility, necessity, internsion <- คล้ายกับไทย
ใช้ connect main verb ใช้ verb ending , particles
1. -고있다 -goissda ใช้เป็น progressive action , คล้ายๆ present continuous tense
공부하고있다 gongbuhagoissda = I’m studying .
Common Auxiliary Verbs in Korean
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- -아/어 있다 (a/eo itda): Indicates a state resulting from a completed action.
- Example: 앉아 있다 (anja itda) – “to be sitting”
- -게 하다 (ge hada): Indicates causation, meaning “to make someone do something.”
- Example: 일을 하게 하다 (ireul hage hada) – “to make someone work”
- -고 싶다 (go sipda): Indicates desire or wish.
- Example: 먹고 싶다 (meokgo sipda) – “to want to eat”
- -ㄹ 수 있다/없다 (l su itda/eopda): Indicates ability or possibility (can/cannot).
- Example: 할 수 있다 (hal su itda) – “can do”
- Example: 할 수 없다 (hal su eopda) – “cannot do”
- -ㄹ 것이다 (l geosida): Indicates future intention or plan.
- Example: 갈 것이다 (gal geosida) – “will go”
- -야 하다/되다 (ya hada/doeda): Indicates necessity or obligation.
- Example: 해야 하다 (haeya hada) – “must do”
- Example: 해야 되다 (haeya doeda) – “have to do”
- -지 않다 (ji anta): Indicates negation, similar to “not” in English.
- Example: 하지 않다 (haji anta) – “to not do”
Examples in Sentences
- Progressive Action:
- 지금 뭐 하고 있어요? (Jigeum mwo hago isseoyo?) – “What are you doing now?”
- 저는 책을 읽고 있어요. (Jeoneun chaekeul ilggo isseoyo.) – “I am reading a book.”
- State from Completed Action:
- 고양이가 의자에 앉아 있어요. (Goyangiga uijae anja isseoyo.) – “The cat is sitting on the chair.”
- Causation:
- 선생님이 학생들에게 숙제를 하게 했어요. (Seonsaengnimi haksaengdeurege sukjereul hage haesseoyo.) – “The teacher made the students do their homework.”
- Desire:
- 나는 커피를 마시고 싶어요. (Naneun keopireul masigo sipeoyo.) – “I want to drink coffee.”
- Ability:
- 나는 한국어를 할 수 있어요. (Naneun hangugeoreul hal su isseoyo.) – “I can speak Korean.”
- 나는 지금 갈 수 없어요. (Naneun jigeum gal su eopseoyo.) – “I cannot go now.”
- Future Intention:
- 우리는 내일 여행을 갈 것이다. (Urineun naeil yeohaengeul gal geosida.) – “We will travel tomorrow.”
- Necessity:
- 숙제를 해야 해요. (Sukjereul haeya haeyo.) – “I must do my homework.”
- 지금 집에 가야 돼요. (Jigeum jibe gaya dwaeyo.) – “I have to go home now.”
- Negation:
- 나는 술을 마시지 않아요. (Naneun sureul masiji anayo.) – “I do not drink alcohol.”
Understanding and using auxiliary verbs in Korean helps convey various nuances in sentences, such as ongoing actions, abilities, intentions, and obligations.