ใน end in い – dictionary form , conjugate reflect tense
高い (takai) – High/Expensive
สามารถนำหน้า N, -> 高い山 Takai yama
หรือใช้เป็น predicate -> 山は高いですyama wa takaidesu
present negative – 高くない (takakunai) – Is not high/expensive
past : 高かった (takakatta) – Was high/expensive
past negative 高くなかった (takakunakatta) – Was not high/expensive
小さい (chiisai) – Small
美しい (utsukushii) – Beautiful
In Japanese, adjectives can be broadly classified into two categories: い-adjectives and な-adjectives. Here, we will focus on い-adjectives, which are characterized by their ending in “い”. These adjectives can be used attributively to modify nouns or predicatively to describe a state or condition.
Common い-Adjectives and Examples
1. 大きい (おおきい, ōkii) – Big
- Example:
- 大きい家 (おおきいいえ, ōkii ie) – Big house
- その家は大きい。 (そのいえはおおきい, Sono ie wa ōkii.) – That house is big.
2. 小さい (ちいさい, chiisai) – Small
- Example:
- 小さい猫 (ちいさいねこ, chiisai neko) – Small cat
- その猫は小さい。 (そのねこはちいさい, Sono neko wa chiisai.) – That cat is small.
3. 新しい (あたらしい, atarashii) – New
- Example:
- 新しい本 (あたらしいほん, atarashii hon) – New book
- その本は新しい。 (そのほんはあたらしい, Sono hon wa atarashii.) – That book is new.
4. 古い (ふるい, furui) – Old
- Example:
- 古い車 (ふるいくるま, furui kuruma) – Old car
- その車は古い。 (そのくるまはふるい, Sono kuruma wa furui.) – That car is old.
5. 美しい (うつくしい, utsukushii) – Beautiful
- Example:
- 美しい花 (うつくしいはな, utsukushii hana) – Beautiful flower
- その花は美しい。 (そのはなはうつくしい, Sono hana wa utsukushii.) – That flower is beautiful.
6. 高い (たかい, takai) – Tall/Expensive
- Example:
- 高いビル (たかいビル, takai biru) – Tall building
- そのビルは高い。 (そのビルはたかい, Sono biru wa takai.) – That building is tall.
- 高い時計 (たかいとけい, takai tokei) – Expensive watch
- その時計は高い。 (そのとけいはたかい, Sono tokei wa takai.) – That watch is expensive.
7. 安い (やすい, yasui) – Cheap
- Example:
- 安い店 (やすいみせ, yasui mise) – Cheap store
- その店は安い。 (そのみせはやすい, Sono mise wa yasui.) – That store is cheap.
8. 暑い (あつい, atsui) – Hot (weather)
- Example:
- 暑い日 (あついひ, atsui hi) – Hot day
- 今日は暑い。 (きょうはあつい, Kyō wa atsui.) – Today is hot.
9. 寒い (さむい, samui) – Cold (weather)
- Example:
- 寒い夜 (さむいよる, samui yoru) – Cold night
- 今日は寒い。 (きょうはさむい, Kyō wa samui.) – Today is cold.
10. 面白い (おもしろい, omoshiroi) – Interesting/Funny
- Example:
- 面白い映画 (おもしろいえいが, omoshiroi eiga) – Interesting movie
- その映画は面白い。 (そのえいがはおもしろい, Sono eiga wa omoshiroi.) – That movie is interesting.
Usage Notes:
- い-adjectives can be easily identified by their ending “い” (although there are exceptions, such as きれいな, which is a な-adjective).
- To form the negative, past, or polite forms, the ending of the い-adjective is modified. For example, the negative form of 大きい is 大きくない (ōkikunai).
- い-adjectives are highly versatile and can be used in various contexts to describe nouns or to express states or conditions.
These examples should give you a clear understanding of how い-adjectives function in Japanese.
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