SECTION I Introduction: Cardiac Signs and Symptoms, and Selected Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods
1. Anatomy of the Heart
2 The History and Physical Examination
3 Electrocardiography
4 Chest X-Ray
5 Introduction to Echocardiography
6 Nuclear Cardiology
7 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
8 Computed Tomographic Cardiovascular Imaging
SECTION II Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
9 Normal and Abnormal Anatomy
10 Pathophysiology, Clinical Recognition, and Treatment of
Congenital Heart Disease
11 Echocardiography in the Adult with Congenital
Heart Disease
12 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult: Interventional Therapy
13 Surgical Treatment
SECTION III Valvular Heart Disease
14 Valvular Heart Disease: Anatomic Abnormalities
15 Aortic Valve Disease
16 Pulmonary and Tricuspid Valve Disease
17 Mitral Valve Diseases
18 Rheumatic Fever
19 Infective Endocarditis
20 The Assessment and Therapy of Valvular Heart Disease in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
21 Echocardiographic Assessment of Valvular Heart Disease
22 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Valvular Disease
23 Balloon Dilatation of the Cardiac Valves
24 Valvular Heart Disease: Surgical Treatment
SECTION IV Coronary Artery Disease
25 Coronary Artery Disease: Pathologic Anatomy and Pathogenesis
26 Inflammation, C-Reactive Protein, and Vulnerable Plaques
27A Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment
27B Biomarkers of Inflammation as Surrogate Markers in Detection of Vulnerable Plaques and Vulnerable Patients
28 Global Differences in Atherosclerosis
29 Coronary Artery Disease: Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
30 Coronary Heart Disease Syndromes: Pathophysiology and Clinical Recognition
31 Silent Ischemia
32 Coronary Disease in Women
33 Exercise Testing
34. Coronary Angiography
35 Echocardiographic Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease
36A Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Utilizing Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Techniques
36B Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography
37A Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Myocardium
37B Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Evaluation of Vulnerable Plaque
38 Medical Treatment of Stable Angina
39 Medical Treatment of Unstable Angina, Acute Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, and Coronary Artery Spasm
40 Treatment of Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
41 Kawasaki Disease
42 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Stable Angina
43 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
44 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction
45 Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents
46 Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
47 Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: Impact on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
48 Cardiac Rehabilitation
SECTION V Basic Aspects of Myocardial Function, Growth, and Development
49 Cardiac Development: Toward a Molecular Basis for Congenital Heart Disease
50 Fueling the Heart: Multiple Roles for Cardiac Metabolism
51 Cardiac Hypertrophy
52 Regulation of Cardiac Contraction and Relaxation
53 Pathophysiology and Clinical Impact of Diastolic Heart FailureSECTION VI Myocardial Disease
SECTION VI Myocardial Disease
54 Myocardial Disease: Anatomic Abnormalities
55 Dilated Cardiomyopathy
56 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
57 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
58 Other Cardiomyopathies
59 Myocarditis
60 Evaluation of Myocardial Disease in the Cardiac
Catheterization Laboratory
61 Echocardiography in the Evaluation of the Cardiomyopathies
62 Pathophysiology and Clinical Recognition of Heart Failure
63 The Medical Management of Heart Failure
64 Heart Transplantation: Indications, Outcome, and Long-Term Complications
65 Heart Transplantation: Pathogenesis, Immunosuppression,
Diagnosis, and Treatment of Rejection
66 Surgical Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure
SECTION VII Pericardial Disease
67 Pericardial Disease: Anatomic Abnormalities
25 Coronary Artery Disease: Pathologic Anatomy and Pathogenesis
26 Inflammation, C-Reactive Protein, and Vulnerable Plaques
27A Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment
27B Biomarkers of Inflammation as Surrogate Markers in Detection of Vulnerable Plaques and Vulnerable Patients
28 Global Differences in Atherosclerosis
29 Coronary Artery Disease: Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
30 Coronary Heart Disease Syndromes: Pathophysiology and Clinical Recognition
31 Silent Ischemia
32 Coronary Disease in Women
33 Exercise Testing
34. Coronary Angiography
– Nonionic ,low osmolar and iso-osmolar contrast media – less deleterious effect on – ventricular function , และสามารถใช้ใน acute ischemic syndrome , heart failure , severe aortic stenosis , left main coronary artery disease
– high-grade stenoses มักจะมี total failure vascular remodeling
diameter stenosis 30% เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับ angiographic equivalent
– multivesel coronary atherosclerosis and isolate discrete stenoses จะมี severity ระหว่าง 10-95% stenosis
– การวัด anatomical stenosis อาจจะไม่ correlate กับ reactived hyperemic response
– ถ้ามี FFR (fraction flow reserve) > 0.75 ย้งสามารถใช้แบบ noninvasive test สำหรับ myocardial ischemia ได้
Coronary angiography เริ่ม 1950
Radiographic Imaging
small and move quickly contraction of heart
– แบ่งเป็น x-ray generator
35 Echocardiographic Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease
36A Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Utilizing Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Techniques
36B Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography
37A Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Myocardium
37B Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Evaluation of Vulnerable Plaque
38 Medical Treatment of Stable Angina
39 Medical Treatment of Unstable Angina, Acute Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, and Coronary Artery Spasm
40 Treatment of Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
41 Kawasaki Disease
42 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Stable Angina
43 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
44 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction
45 Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents
46 Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
47 Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: Impact on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
48 Cardiac Rehabilitation