20 Cranial and Facial Pain
21 Brainstem Syndromes
22 Ataxic and Cerebellar Disorders
23 Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
24 Gait Disorders
25 Hemiplegia and Monoplegia
20 Cranial and Facial Pain
21 Brainstem Syndromes
22 Ataxic and Cerebellar Disorders
23 Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
p 222 , movement disorder -> basal ganglia or extrapyramidal disease
– เป็น neuro motor disorder
ss – slowness or poverty movement (Bradykinesia or hypokinesia eg pakinsonian disorder )
abn involuntary movment – hyperkinesia eg tremor , dystonia , chorea , athetosis , ballism , tics , myoclonus , stereotype , akathisias
motor dysfn มีทั้งแบบ upper / lower motor neuron
– spinal cord , peripheral n
– m disease – มักจะไม่ได้อยู่ใน classified as movment disorder
– abn m tone eg rigidity , spasticity
– incoordination eg cerebellar ataxia
– complex disorder of execution of movent – apraxia
มากกว่าการ localizing lesion , first step- ต้อง classify movement disorder – base on – phenomenology
– บาง movement อาจจะ bizarre และ classified ยาก
– การ classified error เป็นเรื่องปกติ
ซึ่งอาจจะเกิดจาก ss , genetic , epidemiological
video document ช่วย
w – extrapyramidal – 锥体外系疾病
锥体外系疾病
锥体 (zhuī tǐ) – pyramidal (tract)
外 (wài) – outside/external
系 (xì) – system
疾病 (jí bìng) – disease/disorder
锥体外系是指锥体束以外的运动传导径路，包括额叶、丘脑、
锥体外系 (zhuī tǐ wài xì) – Extrapyramidal system
是 (shì) – is
指 (zhǐ) – refers to
锥体束 (zhuī tǐ shù) – pyramidal tract
以外的 (yǐ wài de) – outside of
运动 (yùn dòng) – movement
传导 (chuán dǎo) – conduction
径路 (jìng lù) – pathway
包括 (bāo kuò) – including
额叶 (é yè) – frontal lobe
丘脑 (qiū nǎo) – thalamus
苍白球、纹状体、黑质、红核、丘脑底核、脑桥核、前庭核、下橄榄核、小脑与脑干的某些网状核等以及它们的联络纤维。锥体外系疾病是指一组以大脑基底节为主的锥体外系病理改变引致的独特的运动疾患。
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24 Gait Disorders
25 Hemiplegia and Monoplegia